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Expertise Information, Articles And Options

In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, two additional developments enforced the hierarchy. First, the definition of a transparent category of ‘fine arts’ cut up aesthetic creativity away from the mere craft skills of the mechanical arts. Second, the relationship of ‘science’ to business was topic to appreciable boundary work as scientists and engineers professionalized. For engineers, especially American engineers, ‘applied science’, along with its higher status, could be claimed as their very own autonomous body of data. For scientists, corresponding to John Tyndall and Henry Rowland, ‘applied science’ was the appliance of pure science, a move that reserved the autonomy of their very own science while also claiming ‘credit for contemporary wonders of the economic age’ (p. 64). As Schatzberg notes, after 1850 the frequency of use of the term ‘mechanical arts’ dropped as ‘applied science’ increased. A third of the area's families, nonetheless, can't get by without assi